Abstract Soon after the discovery of lasers in the 1960s it was realized that laser therapy had the potential to improve wound healing and reduce pain, inflammation and swelling. In recent years the field sometimes known as photobiomodulation has broadened to include light-emitting diodes and other light sources, and the range of wavelengths used now […]
Photomodulation of oxidative metabolism and electron chain enzymes in rat liver mitochondria
Abstract Low-level laser irradiation has been applied in a variety of laboratory studies and clinical trials for photobiostimulation over the last three decades. Considerable skepticism exists regarding the concept of photostimulation within the medical community. One of the major difficulties with photoirradiation research is that it lacks experimentally supportable mechanisms for the alleged photobiostimulatory effects. […]
Low-intensity light therapy: exploring the role of redox mechanisms
Abstract Low-intensity light therapy (LILT) appears to be working through newly recognized photoacceptor systems. The mitochondrial electron transport chain has been shown to be photosensitive to red and near-infrared (NIR) light. Although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated, mitochondrial photostimulation has been shown to increase ATP production and cause transient increases in […]
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring
Abstract Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) is a fast-growing technology used to treat a multitude of conditions that require stimulation of healing, relief of pain and inflammation, and restoration of function. Although the skin is the organ that is naturally exposed to light more than any other organ, it still responds well to red and […]
Microcirculatory Response to Photobiomodulation-Why Some Respond and Others Do Not: A Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract Background and objectives: Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-ionizing, non-thermal irradiation, used clinically to accelerate wound healing and inhibit pain, was previously shown to increase blood flow. However, some individuals respond to PBM, but others do not. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting this patient-specific response using advanced, noninvasive methods for monitoring microcirculatory […]
Experimental and Clinical Applications of Red and Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation on Endothelial Dysfunction: A Review
Abstract Background: Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells are the main regulator of arterial tone homeostasis and vascular growth, sensing and transducing signals between tissue and blood. Disease risk factors can lead to their unbalanced homeostasis, known as endothelial dysfunction. Red and near-infrared light can interact with animal cells and modulate their metabolism upon interaction with mitochondria’s […]
Photobiomodulation enhancement of cell proliferation at 660 nm does not require cytochrome c oxidase
Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is based on the use of specific light parameters to promote tissue repair. Although demonstrated in different cell models and tissues, the mechanism by which photobiomodulation operates is not well understood. Previous studies suggested that the cell proliferation enhancement triggered by red and near-infrared PBM involves the activation of the mitochondrial […]
Photobiological modulation of cell attachment via cytochrome c oxidase
Abstract The number of cells attached to glass substrates increases if HeLa cell suspensions are irradiated with monochromatic visible-to-near infrared radiation (600-860 nm, 52 J m(-2)) prior to plating. The well-structured relationship between this biological response and the radiation wavelength (action spectrum with maxima at 620, 680, 760, and 820 nm) suggests the existence of […]
Clinical and experimental applications of NIR-LED photobiomodulation
Abstract This review presents current research on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as “photobiomodulation,” uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (630-1000 nm) and modulates numerous cellular functions. Positive effects of NIR-light-emitting diode […]
Anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with two different red wavelengths (660 nm and 684 nm) in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema
Abstract It has been suggested that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can modulate inflammatory processes. The aim of this experiment was to investigate what effects red laser irradiation with two different wavelengths (660 nm and 684 nm) on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and histology. Thirty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a sterile saline injection, […]